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Dear friend,
Fall has come and it's time for a new update about our activities! In this edition: the Open Platform is now open for third party users to upload their data; two of our researchers hold presentations at the IAEE webinar; and openENTRANCE papers are now on the open-access repository Zenodo.
 

Third party users can now upload to the Open Platform!

 

The openENTRANCE H2020 project develops an open, transparent and integrated modelling platform for assessing low-carbon transition pathways in line with the European climate and energy targets. We are pleased to announce that the Open Platform is now open for third party users to upload their own data. This means that modellers that are not part of the consortium can now share their datasets.

It is now widely expected that data, software code, and tools supporting scientific analysis are published to facilitate transparency and reproducibility of research. Many journals actually require that authors make the underlying data available in line with the FAIR principles – this acronym stands for findable, accessible, interoperable, and reusable. The principles postulate best-practice guidance for scientific data stewardship. Initiatives such as Plan S  requiring all manuscripts from projects funded by the signatories to be released as open-access publications, lend further support to the push for open science.
 
Alas, it is not always straightforward for researchers to share the quantitative parts of their work in a way that facilitates reuse and exploration by other researchers. Zenodo and similar services offer an easy way to deposit data, but this does not necessarily facilitate comparison with other data resources.
 
The openENTRANCE project develops an open platform for assessing low-carbon transition pathways. This includes tools for data visualization and integration, including an interactive "Scenario Explorer“ web user interface.
 
To foster a spirit of collaboration across the European energy modelling community, the openENTRANCE project invites all teams working on scenarios and pathways in the context of the European decarbonization to use our Scenario Explorer infrastructure for dissemination of their results. By uploading scenario results to the openENTRANCE Scenario Explorer gives modelling teams a possibility to share their work in an easily accessible platform, in addition to long-term archival options like Zenodo. 
 
The term “scenario data” in this context can refer to any quantitative data related to a better understanding of the energy transition and societal objectives on alternative pathways towards a climate-neutral society. This includes scenario results from numerical models, historical timeseries data, input data and structured assumptions for model calibration, or data from relevant surveys. Any data must conform to the formats and conventions established in the project, as well as the basic guidelines and terms of use agreed upon within the openENTRANCE consortium.

Presentations at the IAEE webinar


Our researcher colleagues Hans Auer (Energy Economics Group, TU-Wien), Karlo Benedikt Hainsch (CoalExit Research Group, TU Berlin) and Sebastian Zwickl-Bernhard (Energy Economics Group, TU-Wien) participated in the International Association for Energy Economics (IAEE) webinar on September 27. Karlo's presentation focused on the potential future developments of carbon prices, while Sebastian's outlined two business cases for a high carbon price situation. You can watch both presentations on the IAEE page.
 

CO2 price paths of the open source energy system model GENeSYS-MOD for a climate-neutral European energy and transport system


The four openENTRANCE scenarios show how different ways of implementing carbon constraints affect the outcomes of energy system models. Especially the early transition can be facilitated by carbon prices which can help in promoting renewable and sustainable technologies – mostly in the transportation, industry and buildings sector. For the final stages, efficiency and sufficiency measures, coupled with effective policies targetting areas of action, are essential in being the main drivers of the energy transition.
 

Shifting profitability boundaries and new balances in the energy transition due to rising CO2 prices – upcoming new business cases


Energy modeling also means looking at how CO₂ taxes will affect green transition industries. Here we present two possible business cases, taking into account the development in the cost of CO₂ emissions. We investigate a possible future business case of green hydrogen production from hydropower and developed a non-cooperative modeling framework considering the strategic behavior of the H2 producer and consumer. We found that CO₂ price of 245 EUR/t triggers profitability of green hydrogen production for the Central Western European wholesale electricity marketplace (EPEX). These results were also presented at the Applied Energy Symposium MIT A+B. Besides this, we studied the decommissioning of the gas distribution grid in an urban neighborhood. In particular, this work focuses on sustainable heat supply alternatives in the residential sector and the costs of inaction sticking to natural gas-based heat supply technologies.



openENTRANCE now on Zenodo


We are pleased to announce that openENTRANCE papers have now been uploaded to the open-access repository Zenodo*. Zenodo was developed under the European OpenAIRE program and is operated by CERN. It allows researchers to deposit research papers, data sets, research software, reports and any other research related digital artifacts. For each submission, a persistent digital object identifier (DOI) is minted, which makes the stored items easily citeable (the system also makes it possible to use a preexisting DOI, if the publication already has one).

The openENTRANCE papers are grouped together under the openENTRANCE community, which is linked to from the openENTRANCE website's publications section.

We encourage researchers who upload openENTRANCE content to Zenodo to use the openENTRANCE community marker. This can easily be done when uploading content, by typing "openENTRANCE" in the text field under "Communities". This can also be done after the fact, for content that has already been uploaded, by the person who originally uploaded the content.

*subject to the paper's copyright terms allowing it.
 

Special Issue of EMP-E 2020


The Special Issue of EMP-E 2020 has been released. "Modelling Climate Neutrality for the European Green Deal", in Journal Energy (Elsevier), provides a peer-reviewed digest of models and policy insights for the transformation of the European energy system. Its contributors are researchers and modelling groups from across Europe, partners from industry, civil society and policy makers.
 

Case study: Behaviour of communities of actors


OpenENTRANCE includes 9 case studies about different challenges of the transition to a low carbon energy system. The purposes of doing the studies are to demonstrate the functionality of The Open Platform as well as to develop new knowledge. All case studies are described on the web page.

By sharing or trading self-generated electricity within a certain framework, for example in energy communities, prosumers become active participants in the energy system. In case study 2 “Behavior of communities of actors” of the openENTRANCE project, conducts comprehensive analyses of energy communities with peer-to-peer trading. The open-source model FRESH:COM (Fair Energy Sharing in local Communities) was developed by TU Wien and is used and extended within the case study, see [1].
FRESH:COM is an optimization model for peer-to-peer trading (see basic idea of the concept in the figure below, see [2]) implemented in Python. Locally generated PV electricity is optimally allocated between participants (i) to minimize the purchases of the community from the grid, and (ii) to consider each individual’s willingness to pay to reduce emissions. Thus, the social welfare of the energy community is maximized. In addition, the model can optimize the participation of new members in the community by solving a bi-level problem, see [3].



The results of the case study include revenue streams and CO2-emissions savings of the actors involved. The model provides time series of total and shared hourly local generation, storage operation, load, and purchases from the public grid for each community actor and for the community as a whole (residual purchases from the grid). Furthermore, the case study analyses dynamic participation of prosumers in energy communities. This was performed on different settlement patterns in Austria, see [4]. Analyses of the short- and long-term local energy community potential are conducted for Austria and then 4 European reference countries, followed by quantitative upscaling of Europe as a whole will be conducted in the following months.

References:
[1] T. Perger (2021), GitHub Repository FRESH:COM, https://github.com/tperger/fresh-com
[2] T. Perger, L. Wachter, A. Fleischhacker, H. Auer, PV sharing in local communities: Peer-to-peer trading under consideration of the prosumers’ willingness-to-pay, In: Sustainable Cities and Society (2021), DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2020.102634
[3] T. Perger, H. Auer, Dynamic Participation in Local Energy Communities with Peer-to-Peer Trading, In: Open Research Europe (to be submitted soon)
[4] T. Perger (2021) Berücksichtigung verschiedener Siedlungsmuster in der Entwicklung von lokalen Energiegemeinschaften mit Peer-to-Peer Handel, In: Internationale Energiewirtschaftstagung IEWT 2021, Vienna, Austria, 8.-10.9.2021, Presentation available at: https://iewt2021.eeg.tuwien.ac.at/download/contribution/presentation/248/248_presentation_20210912_131000.pdf

 
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This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No. 835896. The sole responsibility for the content of this newsletter lies with the authors. It does not necessarily reflect the opinion of the European Union.